LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE CARBON COATED
LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE CARBON COATED
CAS: 15365-14-7
Molecular Formula: FeLiO4P
LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE CARBON COATED - Names and Identifiers
LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE CARBON COATED - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | FeLiO4P |
| Molar Mass | 157.75 |
| Density | 1.523 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | >300℃(lit.) |
| Appearance | powder |
| Storage Condition | Room Temprature |
| Use | Battery material |
LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE CARBON COATED - Introduction
Open Data Unverified Data
Lithium iron phosphate is commonly used in high-performance lithium-ion batteries due to its high safety and long cycle life. It is a grey powder and should be stored in a dry, dark, and cool place.
Properties:
- Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) is a cathode material known for its high thermal and chemical stability.
- It has a flat voltage profile, providing consistent power output.
- LFP has a high specific capacity and good rate capability.
- The carbon coating on LFP helps to improve its electronic conductivity.
Applications:
- LFP is commonly used in lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles, power tools, and energy storage systems.
- It is preferred for applications where safety and long cycle life are critical.
Synthesis Method:
- LFP can be synthesized through solid-state reactions or sol-gel methods.
- Typically, lithium, iron, and phosphate precursors are mixed and heated to form the desired compound.
Safety:
- LFP is known for its high thermal stability and low risk of thermal runaway, making it a safer option compared to other lithium-ion battery cathode materials.
- However, proper handling and storage are still important to prevent any potential hazards associated with lithium-ion batteries.
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:43:38
LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE CARBON COATED - Lithium iron phosphate battery
Lithium-ion batteries are high-capacity rechargeable batteries developed in the 1990s. Lithium ion battery cathode materials mainly include lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, nickel manganese cobalt ternary materials and lithium iron phosphate. Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) has high safety, stable cycle performance, low price, stable discharge platform and environmental friendliness. It is generally considered to be the most promising cathode material for lithium ion batteries, especially for power lithium ion batteries. It has become a hot research and development topic.
Lithium iron phosphate battery refers to a lithium ion battery that uses lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode material. The cathode materials of lithium ion batteries mainly include lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium nickelate, ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate, etc. Among them, lithium cobaltate is currently the cathode material used in most lithium ion batteries.
In terms of material principle, lithium iron phosphate is also an embedding and deembedding process. This principle is exactly the same as lithium cobaltate and lithium manganate.
Lithium iron phosphate is a polyanionic phosphate with olivine structure, and its charge-discharge reaction is carried out between lithium iron phosphate and iron phosphate. When charging, Li + is separated from the LiFePO4, Fe2 + loses an electron and becomes Fe3 +; When discharging, Li + is embedded in iron phosphate and becomes LiFePO4.
Charge and discharge reaction of lithium iron phosphate
Charging reaction: LiFePO4 -xLi + - xe- & rarr; XFePO4 + (1-x)LiFePO4
Discharge reaction: FePO4 + xLi + + xe- & rarr; xLiFePO4 + (1-x)FePO4
Lithium iron phosphate battery is a lithium ion secondary battery. One of its main uses is for power batteries, which has great advantages over NI-MH and Ni-Cd batteries.
The charge and discharge efficiency of lithium iron phosphate battery is relatively high, and the charge and discharge efficiency can reach more than 90% under the condition of rate discharge, while the lead-acid battery is about 80%.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE CARBON COATED - Structure and performance
Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) has an olivine structure, an orthorhombic system, and its space group is Pmnb type. O atoms are arranged in a slightly distorted hexagonal close-packed manner, which can only provide a limited channel for Li, so that the migration rate of Li at room temperature is very small. Li and Fe atoms fill the octahedral voids of O atoms. P occupies the O atom tetrahedral void. One FeO6 octahedron is co-prismatic with two LiO6 octahedrons; due to the close arrangement of nearly hexagonal packed oxygen atoms, lithium ions can only be deintercalated on a two-dimensional plane, and therefore have a relatively high theoretical density (3.6g/ cm3). In this structure, the voltage of Fe2 +/Fe3 + relative to lithium metal is 3. 4V.
Molecular structure of lithium iron phosphate
1. High energy density
Its theoretical specific capacity is 170mAh/g, and the actual specific capacity of the product can exceed 140 mAh/g(0.2C,25°C);
2. Safety
It is currently the safest cathode material for lithium-ion batteries; it does not contain any heavy metal elements harmful to the human body;
3. Long life
Under 100% DOD conditions, it can be charged and discharged more than 2000 times; (Reason: Lithium iron phosphate has good lattice stability, and the embedding and detachment of lithium ions have little effect on the lattice, so it has good reversibility. The shortcomings are poor electron ion conductivity, which is not suitable for large current charging and discharging, and is blocked in application. Solution: coating the electrode surface with conductive material and doping for electrode modification.)
4. No memory effect
5. Charging performance
Lithium batteries made of lithium iron phosphate cathode material can be charged at a high rate, and the battery can be fully charged within 1 hour at the earliest.
Specific physical parameters:
Loose density: 0.7 g/cm
Tap density: 1.2 g/cm
Medium particle size: 2-6um
Specific surface area <30m/g
smear parameters:
LiFePO4:C:PVDF=90:3:7
Compaction density of pole pieces: 2.1-2.4 g/cm
Electrochemical performance:
G capacity> 155mAh/g test conditions: half battery, 0.2C, voltage 4.0-2.0V
Number of cycles: 2000
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE CARBON COATED - Disadvantages
lithium iron phosphate is generally chosen as the cathode material for power lithium ion batteries in China. Market analysts from governments, scientific research institutions, enterprises and even securities companies are optimistic about this material and regard it as the development direction of power lithium ion batteries.
Analyzing the reasons, there are mainly the following two points: First, affected by the research and development direction of the United States, the American Valence and A123 company was the first to use lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material for lithium ion batteries. Secondly, there has been no lithium manganate material with good high temperature cycle and storage performance for power lithium ion batteries.
However, lithium iron phosphate also has fundamental defects that cannot be ignored. In the final analysis, there are mainly the following points:
1. During the sintering process during the preparation of lithium iron phosphate, iron oxide may be reduced to elemental iron in a high-temperature reducing atmosphere. Elemental iron can cause a micro-short circuit in the battery and is the most taboo substance in the battery. This is also the main reason why Japan has not used this material as a cathode material for power lithium-ion batteries;
2. Lithium iron phosphate has some performance defects, such as low tap density and compaction density, resulting in low energy density of lithium ion batteries. The low temperature performance is poor, even if it is nano-sized and carbon-coated, it does not solve this problem. When Dr. Don Hillebrand, director of the Energy Storage System Center of Argonne National Laboratory in the United States, talked about the low temperature performance of lithium iron phosphate batteries, he used terrible to describe them. Their test results of lithium iron phosphate lithium ion batteries showed that lithium iron phosphate batteries could not drive electric vehicles at low temperatures (below 0 ℃). Although some manufacturers claim that the capacity retention rate of lithium iron phosphate batteries is good at low temperatures, that is when the discharge current is small and the discharge cut-off voltage is very low. In this situation, the device simply cannot start working.
3, the preparation cost of the material and the manufacturing cost of the battery is higher, the battery yield is low, the consistency is poor. Although the nanocrystallization and carbon coating of lithium iron phosphate improve the electrochemical performance of the material, it also brings other problems, such as the reduction of energy density, the increase of synthesis cost, poor electrode processing performance and harsh environmental requirements. Although the chemical elements Li,Fe and P in lithium iron phosphate are rich and the cost is low, the cost of the prepared lithium iron phosphate product is not low. Even if the previous research and development cost is removed, the process cost of the material plus the higher cost of preparing the battery will make the final unit energy storage cost higher.
4, poor product consistency. At present, there is no lithium iron phosphate material factory in China that can solve this problem. From the perspective of material preparation, the synthesis reaction of lithium iron phosphate is a complex multiphase reaction, including solid phase phosphate, iron oxide and lithium salt, plus carbon precursor and reducing gas phase. In this complex reaction process, it is difficult to ensure the consistency of the reaction.
5. Intellectual property issues. The earliest patent application for lithium iron phosphate was obtained by F X MITTERMAIER & SOEHNE OHG (DE) on June 25, 1993, and the application results were announced on August 19 of the same year. The basic patent for lithium iron phosphate is owned by the University of Texas, and the carbon-coated patent is applied by Canadians. These two basic patents cannot be bypassed. If the royalties are calculated in the cost, the product cost will be further increased.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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